Meditations Essay Example for Free

Meditations Essay Rene Descartes’ Meditations paved way to the enquiry of the epistemological nature of knowledge – a paradigm shift from an ontological priority to an epistemological priority of philosophizing. In this regard, Descartes believed that the fundamental source of knowledge is reason. As such, knowing material objects can only come upon an entity which is not external to us – that is the mind. The certainty of our understanding then rests on the clarity and distinctness of ideas constituting formal reality and not upon the immediate perception of an object. With this, he attempted to prove the existence of the Cogito, of God and dualism of the mind and the body, the methodic doubt as his primary grounding to prove the truthfulness of his claims. Let us now then analyze the seemingly problematic suppositions Descartes posits. One is dualism of the mind and body. It is because it is hard to conceive how two different things interact with each other. One indicator of such is when the mind chooses to do a specific action and the body seems to willingly do the action the mind chose. Another is when we perceive objects in the external world, our mind grasp and process the forming of these images based on our sense perception. Nevertheless, the primary question one can posit on the whole philosophy of Descartes is the appropriateness of granting existence to the conceptual entities in the mind. Existence, for Descartes, is proven through the recognition of the mind based on intuitions which manifest clarity and distinctness (or inner awareness where the mind and body are inseparable yet different from each other). By clarity, he claimed that it is the presence of an idea/object, and by distinctness, it is the relationship of clear ideas/objects and how its relationship distinguishes what belongs to an idea/object. Furthermore, he also claimed that substances are the building blocks of reality, categorized into two: the mind and the body. As such, he further maintained that these substances have primary attributes: the mind which is thought and the body, the extension. Ideas, for Descartes, are the modes of thought that link the mind and the world because they have formal and objective reality. By the former, he meant the kind of reality things have in this world and by the latter, the reality of objects represented by ideas. Hence, an idea can have formal reality because it is the mode of thought itself and it can also have an objective reality because it represents something outside of itself. In his work, one can deduce that he is certain only in his existence. As such, making him a thinking substance. He asserted that he comes to know this fact through clear and distinct perception, and logically it would follow that all his other clear and distinct perceptions are true in reference to formal and objective reality. In order to confirm the truthfulness of these clear and distinct perceptions, he proved the existence of a benign God which relies on the Mediator’s cognition of clear and distinct ideas. Even if we exempt the possibility of granting existence to fictitious entities for we may have clear and distinct perception of them, the possibility of granting existence to other conceptual entities in our mind is still questionable. First, I believe that we can only have clear and distinct perception of the conceptual entities through our senses – that is they exist in the physical realm. By that, I mean that we can have conception and understanding (on the context on how can we know them) primarily because they have manifestations in the physical world as also with regards to certain logical principles. For example, my understanding or even my idea of a tree originates from my perception of that tree in reality. Second, even if I can have clear and distinct perception of a God, it does not mean that a god/God indeed exist which cause my idea of God as what Descartes claimed. Arguably, there may be some other entity or there may be the possibility this world is just made up of matter and energy. Hence, there is no higher being which exists. It can be deduced then the appropriateness of granting existence to conceptual entities in the mind only comes if we could know their truth in the physical realm. As such, Descartes claimed of the mind being non-erroneous in granting existence to things/objects in this world is held in question.

In this study I will be comparing the 2 poems, To Autumn and Ozymandias

In this study I will be comparing the 2 poems, To Autumn and Ozymandias. I have chosen these two poems because out of the four that we have looked at, I have found these to be the most interesting. In this study I will be comparing the 2 poems, To Autumn and Ozymandias. I have chosen these two poems because out of the four that we have looked at, I have found these to be the most interesting. Ozymandias revolves more around time than nature, whereas To Autumn revolves around nature more than time. Ozymandias is on the surface a nice little tale of a big bad man who made a statue that has been destroyed. However if you probe at it, you realise that it is actually all about time and nature destroying everything. I shall go into this further later. To Autumn would, at first glance, seem to be simply about Autumn and how it is the "close-bosom friend of the maturing sun" but if you look in detail at the words used you can see that there is an underlying tone that is far more grim. Both poems have both rhyme and rhythm. In Ozymandias, there are 10 syllables per line, except one, where there are 11. In To Autumn, there are also, about 10 syllables per line. As a result the rhythm in both is pretty constant. As well as rhythm, they have rhyme. In Ozymandias, the rhyme is the end of lines 1 & 3 & 5, 2 & 4, 6 & 8, 7 & 10, 9 & 11 & 13, and 12 & 14. In To Autumn the end of all lines in each stanza do rhyme with at least one other, in this way: 1st & 3rd, 2nd & 4th, 5th & 9th & 10th, 6th & 8th, 7th & 11th. This pattern is repeated in each stanza. Ozymandias is simply a big single stanza; To Autumn however is a poem with 3 stanzas. But these do not really seem to flow together. They rather seem to be almo... ...zymandias talks more about the strength of time, whereas To Autumn talks about how Nature, and in particular, Autumn are forces that provide much in the world. If you are someone who doesn't class a poem as a poem unless it has rhyme, rhythm, poetic language, sound patterns etc, then you are far more likely to prefer To Autumn, because it is much more the poet's poem than Ozymandias. I personally prefer Ozymandias, because it has great power. Although it doesn't have much in the ways of standard poetic tools, it does have rhyme and rhythm, as well as a deep and strong message. Self-Criticism - Not enough actual comparison, too much just talking about the poem. - Used the words 'think' and 'believe' to often Is that even a word? - It doesn't read well, it jaws, I have obviously just looked at what to write and written about it just like that.

Allowing for Inflation and Taxation

ALLOWING FOR INFLATION AND TAXATION Q1. Ethan Co is evaluating Project Z, which requires an initial investment of $45,000. Expected net cash flows are $16,000 per annum for two years at today's prices. However, these are expected to rise by 3.7% pa because of inflation. The firm's money cost of capital is 11%. Find the NPV by discounting money cash flows. (MCQ)Years Cash flows ($) Money cash flows ($)0 (45,000) (45,000)1 16,000 Ãâ€" 1.037 16,5922 16,000 Ãâ€" (1.037)2 17,206$(11,202)$(13,000)$16,079$(16,079)(2 marks) Q2. Philip Co.'s selling prices ; variable costs of construction are $200,000 ; $100,000 respectively and are in current price terms before allowing inflation of 3%/annum on selling price ; 4%/annum on variable cost. Fixed cost for the year is $70,000 before inflation of 2%/annum. Calculate the taxable cash flows for year 2 and fill in the table given below. (FIB)3714752222500$ (2 marks) Q3. A project has the following cash flows before allowing for inflation. The company's money discount rate is 13.5%. The general rate of inflation is expected to remain constant at 5%. Evaluate the NPV by using real cash flows and real discount rates (MCQ)Year Cash flow ($000)0 (600)1 2402 500$31,000$36,300$51,000$53,500(2 marks) Q4. GW Co. is expecting a net of tax receipt of $8,000 (in real terms) in one year's time. If GW Co. expects inflation to increase, what impact will this have on the present value of that receipt? (MCQ)ReduceNilCannot sayIncrease(2 marks) Q5. Which of the following about the inflation values included in the nominal cost of capital is correct?The expected general inflation suffered by the investorsThe previous general inflation suffered by the investorsIt is specific ; historic to the businessIt is expected ; specific to the business(2 marks) Q6. DC Co. has a 31st December year end ; pays corporation tax at a rate of 24%, 12 months after the end to which the cash flow relates. It can claim tax allowable depreciation at a rate of 25% reducing balance. It pays $3m for a machine on 31st December 20X1. DC Co.'s cost of capital is 10%.At cost of capital 10%, what is the present value on 31st December 20X1 of the benefit of the first portion of tax allowable depreciation? (MCQ)$750,000$163,620$180,000$148,680(2 marks) Q7. Ghost Co. needs to have $400,000 working capital immediately for the three-year project. The amount will stay constant in real terms. Inflation is running at 7% per annum, and Ghost Co.'s money cost of capital is 14%. What will be the net present value of working capital? Give answer to the nearest number. (FIB)3708407112000$ (2 marks) Q8. The investment is $200,000 ; the capital allowances will be calculated on the basis of 25% reducing balance basis. The tax rate is 27% which will be paid in arrears. Calculate the capital allowances for year three when the project life is four years? (MCQ)$13,500$10,125$7,594$22,781(2 marks) Q9. Joseph a project manager plans to invest $500,000 in a new project. His company pays a corporation tax of $28% per annum with tax liability settled in the year in which it arises. The tax allowable depreciation can be claimed on the cost of the investment on a straight line basis over the projects life of four years. What will be the balancing charge/allowance for the company? (MCQ) $125,000 (Balancing Charge)$360,000 (Balancing Allowance)$360,000 (Balancing Charge)$140,000 (Balancing Allowance)(2 marks) Q10.The following information relates to two machines:Machine 1 Machine 2Investment $100,000 $50,000Tax allowable depreciation 25% Reducing Balance 25% Reducing BalanceProject Life 2 years 2 yearsScrap value $50,000 $50,000Capital Allowance start Year 0 Year 1The corporation tax rate is 30%. State whether Balancing Allowance or Charge will arise for Machine 1 ; Machine 2. (MCQ)M1 Balancing Charge / M2 Balancing AllowanceM1 Balancing Allowance / M2 Balancing ChargeM1 ; M2 Balancing ChargeM1 ; M2 Balancing Allowance(2 marks) Q11. A project has the following projected cash inflows:Year 1 $50,000Year 2 $75,000Year 3 $105,000Working capital is required to be in place at the start of each year equal to 5% of the cash inflow for that year. Cost of capital is 8%. What is the present value of the working capital? (FIB)3714751905000$ (2 marks) Q12. A company's expected sales for the new venture to be 10,000 units per year. The selling price is expected to be $5 per unit in the first year, inflating by 4% per year over the three year life of the project. Working capital equal to 8% of annual sales is required and needs to be in place at the start of each year. Calculate the working capital increment needed in year 2? (MCQ)$(4,160)$(160)$4,480$0(2 marks) Q13. Tec Co. is planning to invest in a three-year project having following details: Revenue for year 1 $150,000, year 2 $175,000 & year 3 $120,000. 12% of sales will be required as working capital at the start of each year end. Calculate incremental working capital for year three? (FIB)3714752222500$ (2 marks) Q14. Working capital of each year is 3% of sales which will be required at the start of each year. The sales will inflate by 2% per year and the sales are as follows:Year 1 $300,000Year 2 $445,000Year 3 $267,700Calculate Present value using cost of capital of 4%. (MCQ)$(4,271)$5,023$7,281$(1,147)(2 marks) ALLOWING FOR INFLATION AND TAXATION (ANSWERS) Q1. DMoney cash flows ($) Discount rate (11%) Present value ($)(45,000) 1 (45,000)16,592 0.901 14,95017,206 0.812 13,971NPV (16,079) Q2. $31,000Costs Inflation Year 2 ($000)Sales Revenue 200 Ãâ€" (1.03)2 212Variable Cost 100 Ãâ€" (1.04)2 (108)Fixed Cost 70 Ãâ€" (1.02)2 (73)Taxable cash flows 31 Q3. CReal rate: [(1+ 13.5%) à · (1+ 5%)] – 1 = 8%Year Cash flow ($000) Discount factor 8% Present value ($000)0 (600) 1 (600)1 240 0.926 2222 500 0.857 429NPV 51 Q4. BHigh expectation of inflation will have following effects:Higher nominal discount rateHigh expected nominal cash flowExact cancellation of each other Q5. AThe inflation included in the nominal cost of capital is required by the investors to compensate them for the loss of general purchasing power their money will suffer in the future as a result of investing in the business. Q6. $163,620The asset is purchased on 31st December 20X1, so the first portion of tax allowable depreciation is accounted for on the date (as this the year-end). The amount of depreciation would be $3m Ãâ€" 25% = $750,000.Claiming this allowance will save ($750,000 Ãâ€" 24 %=) $180,000 tax when it is paid one year in arrears hence the $180,000 Ãâ€" 0.909 (DF 10%) = $163,620 Q7. $ – 138,472The working capital required will inflate year on year, then the inflated amount will be returned at the end of the project.Year Cash flow Increment (7%) Discount Factor (14%) Present Value0 (400,000) (400,000) 1 (400,000)1 428,000 (28,000) 0.877 (24,556)2 457,960 (29,960) 0.769 (23,039)3 0 457,960 0.675 309,123NPV -138,472 Q8. CYear Working Capital Allowance Tax Benefit1 (200,000 Ãâ€" 25%) 50,000 Ãâ€" 27% 13,5002 (150,000 Ãâ€" 25%) 37,500 Ãâ€" 27% 10,1253 (112,500 Ãâ€" 25%) 28,125 Ãâ€" 27% 7,5944 84,375 Ãâ€" 27% 22,781Balancing Allowance/Charge (Year 4)200,000 – (50,000+37,500+28,125) = 84,375 (Balancing allowance) Q9. B$500,000 à · 4 years = $125,000$125,000 Ãâ€" 28% (tax rate) = $35,000$35,000 Ãâ€" 4 years = $140,000$500,000 – $140,000 =$360,000 (Balance Allowance) Q10. BMachine 1Year 0 100,000 Ãâ€" 25% 25,000 Ãâ€" 30% 7,5001 75,000 Ãâ€" 25% 18,750 Ãâ€" 30% 5,6252 100.000 – (25,000+18,750) = 56,250 – 50,000 = 6,250 6,250 Ãâ€" 30% 1,875 (B.A)Machine 2Year 0 1 50,000 Ãâ€" 25% 12,500 Ãâ€" 30% 3,7502 50,000 – (12,500) = 37,50037,500 – 50,000 = (12,500) (12,500) Ãâ€" 30% (3,750) (B.C) Q11. $ -868Year Cash flow ($) Increment (5%) Discount factor (8%) Present value ($)0 2,500 (2,500) 1 (2,500)1 3,750 (1,250) 0.926 (1,158)2 5,250 (1,500) 0.842 (1,263)3 0 5,250 0.772 4,053-868 Q12. BYear Selling price inflation (4%) Working capital ($) (8%) Increment (5%)0 4,160 (4,160)1 $5.2 Ãâ€" 10,000 = 52,000 4,320 (160)2 $5.4 Ãâ€" 10,000 = 54,000 4.480 (160)3 $5.6 Ãâ€" 10,000 = 56,000 4,4800 Q13. $14,400Year 0 1 2 312% of Sales revenue $18,000 $21,000 $14,400Required WC at end 18,000 21,000 – 18,000 21,000 – 14,400 Incremental (18,000) (3,000) 6,600 14,400 Q14. DYear Inflated Sales ($) Working Capital ($) Incremental WC ($) Discount Factor (4%) Present value ($)0 9,180 (9,180) 1 (9,180)1 306,000 13,620 (4,440) 0.962 (4,271)2 454,000 8,190 5,430 0.925 5,0233 273,000 8,190 0.889 7,281NPV (1,147)

Male Dominance In Hills Like White Elephants and The...

Both Ernest Hemingway’s Hills Like White Elephants and John Steinbeck’s The Chrysanthemums portray oppressed female characters in the early 1900s. In Hemingway’s short, Jig is oppressed by her lover known only as â€Å"The American,† whereas, the main character in The Chrysanthemums, Elisa Allen, feels the weight of oppression from society (male dominated) as a whole. Although the driving force of the two women’s subjugation varies slightly, their emotional responses to such are what differentiate the two. Throughout Hills Like White Elephants, the American refers to his girlfriend only as Jig (which is a device used for measuring whiskey). This nickname implies that he sees her only as an object; a companion to his wolfish†¦show more content†¦It’s really not anything. It’s just to let the air in. (†¦) We’ll be fine afterward. Just like we were before† (pg 639). Although she does seem to struggle with the decision, it isn’t long until she relinquishes her objection, giving him authority over her morality and judgment. In The Chrysanthemum, Elisa Allen’s character is clearly the result of oppression in a male dominated community. Early on, Steinbeck makes it a point to establish her femininity (or lack there of) as the result of her marriage to, and life with, a common rancher and farmer: â€Å"Her figure looked blocked and heavy in her gardening costume, a man’s black hat pulled down over her eyes, clodhopper shoes, a figured print dress almost completely covered by a big corduroy apron with four big pockets to hold the snips, the trowel and scratcher, the seeds and the knife she worked with† (pg 1611). Elisa has obviously taken on a more masculine faà §ade due to her years spent on the farm. However, it seems apparent, both early on and later in the story that she has tried to maintain what femininity she has. She does not help with the ranch or the cultivation of the orchard, but rather tends to her own garden. Her reportedly stellar chrysanthemums represent her delicate side. By maintaining and ensuring a yearly exemplary flourish, Elisa sustains and nourishes her suppressed womanly essence. Although Steinbeck reveals that, â€Å"The

Homelessness Essay - 751 Words

Homelessness is an epidemic that affects millions of people all over the world. These people have no place to live, are rarely able to bathe, and they have little to no food to eat. There are many reasons why people become homeless, but they can be broken down into three categories; Structural factors, systematic failures, and individual and relational factors. Structural factors are economic and social obstacles that could possibly affect someones opportunities. Examples of structural factors are the inability to get a job due to discrimination and inadequate income. Although racism isnt always the reason why a person does not get a job, it sometimes plays a role in the decision. A study by German Lopez revealed that â€Å"white applicants†¦show more content†¦When they experience these feelings, they often times runaway to break free of their feelings of being sad and unwanted. Most of the individuals who run away have no place to go, resulting in them being homeless. When looking at the teachings of Ghandi and the New Testament, there is the belief that people should help each other. People in the community should help the homeless find better places to go by reaching out to different homeless shelters, child welfare centers, or any other institution similar to the one they left from. Afterwards, they can tell the homeless pers on where they should go to better suit them. This will give the homeless person a new place to call home, and it will make the helpful individual feel good for helping someone who was not able to help themselves. According to Weil, anger and bitterness comes from the unequal access to wealth. This way of thinking can be seen when observing the individual and relational factors of homelessness. These factors stem from events that occur in someones personal life. They may include job loss, their home burning down, a divorce, or an addiction. Most of these factors are beyond an individual’s control, or they have taken control over the individual’s life. For instance, if a person’s house burned down and they did not have homeowners insurance they would have to start completely over. An event as drastic as that could burden someone mentally because it is something that is very unexpected, and it is aShow MoreRelated Homelessness in America Essay608 Words   |  3 Pages Homelessness is not something that was created over night; it has existed for a long time; often we choose not to see the homeless, or bother with them, so we look the other way.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Homeless ness is not prejudice toward race, creed, or religion--it has no boundaries; all homeless people should not be stereotyped as being drug abusers or the mentally ill that have been released from mental hospitals. Homelessness is not a disease that a person can catch from bodily contact, but it certainlyRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Homelessness1485 Words   |  6 PagesArgumentative Essay Draft 2 Although most American citizens do not typically notice government programs in their daily lives, implemented policies have major effects on American citizens. It is estimated that around 1.35 million children suffer from homelessness due to their families living on the streets (Crook). With this massive housing conundrum, the United States government should increase funding for the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act. Increased funding would decrease homelessness by loweringRead More Homelessness Essay559 Words   |  3 Pages Homelessness in our society. The existence of homeless people in our society is still evident today. Everywhere you look around our cities, parks and streets it is likely that you will witness a homeless person struggling to survive. 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With all the moneyRead MorePersuasive Essay On Homelessness1074 Words   |  5 PagesAstonishingly, 564,708 people are currently homeless in the United States, according to Social Solutions (Social Solutions, 2016). The topic, â€Å"Living Poor,† has only become much more apparent in the news and in everyday life. Two essays, On Compass ion by Barbara Lazear Ascher and On Dumpster Diving by Lars Eighner, can be evaluated as discussing two different aspects of the homeless situation in America. After close reading, On Compassion more effectively achieves its purpose of defining compassionRead More homelessness Essay497 Words   |  2 Pages All over America, there are people wandering the streets without a home. These individuals are seen as a crowd, a separate collective existence. They are called the homeless, as if that defines who they are, but we too often neglect to add the unspoken word in that title: people. It seems today that the more fortunate citizens of America who have a roof over their heads have forgotten their innate responsibility to watch over those in this world whom are incapable of caring for themselves. TragicallyRead MoreCauses of Homelessness Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesCauses of Homelessness Bentley Martin BSHS/302 July 16, 2011 Joey Schumacher Causes of Homelessness There are many factors that lead to poverty and homelessness. People often jump to conclusions and form stereotypes to look down upon those who are poor. Stereotypes include poor people who are viewed as lazy, jobless, criminals, or un-educated. When I think of a homeless individual, I would agree with most of the stereotypes and find within the reading and researching that there is more toRead MoreEssay on Solving Homelessness1416 Words   |  6 PagesSolving Homelessness Nationwide homelessness is a growing epidemic across the country. There are many ways an individual can become homeless, for the most part it is poverty. There are also different concentrations of homeless in different types of environments, such as urban or suburban areas. Last, there is the ever-growing homeless population, and how much money it costs us for others to live in poverty. A way we can help find the solution to this problem, is to know the facts about this lingeringRead MoreHomelessness in America Essay1172 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Bush Administration consisting of $528.5 billion for homeless programs (Romeo 1). The problem of homelessness and extreme poverty is not a new occurrence; but in past years more extreme measures have been taken to combat the issue as more people become homeless. Expensive social programs and housing developments for the homeless have been created to help battle the increasing issue. Homelessness is an expensive problem that will never end; f urthermore, the condition of homeless people in AmericaRead MoreHomelessness - Speech Essay628 Words   |  3 PagesHomelessness - Speech Ladies and gentlemen, I would like to begin by telling you a little story. Everyday, on my way to work, I come across this smart and neat young man selling the Big Issue. I never pay much attention to him and in fact would rather he wasn’t there at all making me think about all those people in the UK who, like him, are homeless. How many of you have ever felt that same way? Most of us try to ignore these people living in the streets who are forced

Analysis Of Frankenstein By Mary Shelley - 1755 Words

Frankenstein An Analysis of the use of knowledge In the novel Frankenstein by Marry Shelley, it is apparent that a lack of knowledge along with an abundance of knowledge can lead to the destruction of relationships that are ideal for a happy life. The theme of corruption through knowledge is a recurring literary device throughout the novel. This corruption compels the reader to question whether or not it is beneficial to have the vast amount of knowledge that Victor has. Knowledge is a powerful tool when used for a positive purpose; however, that same knowledge has the potential to cause immense harm and inundate the world with devastating events. The novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley did an excellent job at expressing both the positive and negative effects that the use of knowledge has while comparing it to today’s society. The malicious use of knowledge can lead to broken relationships, which inevitably harms the people associated with us. Marry Shelley used three settings and characters to express the use of knowledge. Each of the settings had a desired goal in mind, but the final results were far from that. Walton became famous when he traveled on a voyage to find a route to the North Pole, which was also the first setting depicted in the book. Walton was so driven by the idea of being famous that he was not taking into consideration the danger his life was in, as well as the crew he had on board. Walton made his passions clear after saying, â€Å"One man s life orShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Frankenstein By Mary Shelley Essay1231 Words   |  5 Pages2016 Frankenstein Literary Analysis Power is the ability to control something or someone into doing what is given. Knowledge is the understanding of an idea, but not yet following through with it. You can have knowledge without power but the two combined usually result in a better outcome. Victor creates a monster which goes on rampages after they go separate ways. Because Victor originally left it and never later took control of it, unfortunate consequences occurred. In Frankenstein, by Mary ShelleyRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1411 Words   |  6 PagesIn the early 1800s Mary Shelley set pen to a paper and started to develop a novel that little to her knowledge would become world renowned. In 1818 she finished and published the novel to sell to the European public. The novel caught the world off guard in the way that a female was able to write about such harsh, dark, and evil things in a European society whose authors like John Locke and Charles Montesquieu preached enlightenment, self exploration, and individualism all in an optimistic enablingRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1948 Words   |  8 PagesThere are many critical analyses to Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Two of these analyses bring forth varied interpretations. Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar wrote â€Å"Mary Shelley’s Monstrous Eve.† Anne K. 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Miserably alone in a cruel world, the monster extracts his revenge on his creator by killingRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein Essay2155 Words   |  9 Pagesmain agenda could orchestrate catastrophic repercussions to the human populations. Mary Shelley’s work â€Å"Frankenstein† although over two-hundred years old, remains at the pinnacle of irresponsible innovation that wreaks havoc to the human population. In the â€Å"Jurassic Park,† an aspect of mad science that deteriorates the stability of life is depicted. Both Michael Clinton’s â€Å"Jurassic Park† and Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein† extensively explore the role of man in maintaining and sustaining life. The two

Analysis of Leadership - Motivation - Perception and Attitude

Questions: 1. Critically analyse the events in this case as they relate to the concepts of Leadership, Motivation, Perception, Attitude and Personality. 2. What should Tom King do now? Why? 3. What suggestion do you have for the HR Manager of this company? Explain. Answers: 1.0 Introduction Organizational behavior defines the way; the employees interact within the groups. It is the human behavior of the employees existing within the organization. This study is based on a case study, where a sales representative has gotten mail from HR managers to shift Tasmania. The study will critically analyze the leadership, motivation, perception and attitude. The study will also define the activities that the sales representative should do in this situation. The study will also provide some suggestions for the human resource managers to handle the situation. 2.0 Critical Analysis Leadership is the act of leading other in the organization for meeting the goals of the organization in an effective way. It is also related to sharing the vision of the organization with the employees so that they can do the work willingly for achieving the goal of the organization. According to Goleman, Boyatzis and McKee (2013), an effective leader would have a full understanding of the organizational progress in each of the area in which it operates so that they can take right decision according to the situation. Likewise in this case study, it has been found that the human resource manager of the appliance firm have full understanding of their sales volume in all the areas. Thus, they realized that their sales volume is diminishing in the area of Tasmania. On the other hand, Boezeman and Ellemers (2014) argued that the leader of the organization should be accountable and honest towards the employees and share the important information with the employees so that they can adjust t hemselves with any new changes occurred in the organization. In case of this case study, it has been found that Tom King was fully unaware of the fact that he has to move from New South Wales to Tasmania for the sales purpose. The HR managers have directly shot the mail of job rotation to Tom. This situation shows a lack of accountability on the part of leaders (Tannenbaum, Weschler and Massarik 2013). According to Tamir et al. (2015), motivation is process of energizing employees towards the goals of the organization through a particular way. This process is related to providing some factors to the employees that instigate the inner urge of the employee to do some particular task. In this case study, the human resource manager of the organization has tried to motivate Tom King for shifting his job area through recognizing his job performance. Praising is one of the best ways, through which the managers of the organization should motivate the employees towards the goals of the organization. With the job shift mail, the HR managers has also send a service pin mail to Tom King for motivating him in shifting his job. According to Cerasoli, Nicklin and Ford (2014) perception is somewhat related to hearing something and later giving a verdict of the situation. In this case study, Tom King has heard of this job moving from the local friends of real estate organization. In this situation, Tom may negatively perceive the intension of the management in this job shifting. On the other hand, Barry and Wilkinson (2015) opined that attitude of the employees can be defined in the way employees think about the organization in their mind. In this case study, negative perception of the Tom may lead to negative attitude of Tom towards his respective management. According to Amin and Naqvi (2014), perception is related to the differences between the behavior, traits and thinking. In this case study, the management of the organization has perceived Tom to have openness and conscientiousness that defines his strong sense of duty and take adventurous job. This is the reason; the management has chosen Tom to shift him to Tasmania for increasing the sales volume of the organization. 3.0 Tom Kings dos The first thing that Tom should do is to raise voice about shifting of job. This is because the management of the appliance organization did not make Tom to be aware of his job shift. The management of the organization did not give any information regarding his job shift and therefore, it is not right activity of the management. After that, the Tom should revert to the mail of HR against the job shift by detailing the desire him to remain in the same district in which he is excelling throughout many years (Kreiner 2013). Tom should also discuss with the management regarding his denying in job shift. He should tell the management that it would be very difficult for him to adjust in new environment in new place. The dissimilarities between the workplace cultures may hamper the working productivity of Tom. Therefore, Tom should also discuss this factor with his management team. Although according to the recruitment policy, it usually mentioned that any employee should agree to the job shift any time according to the requirement of the organization (Zayas-Ortiz et al. 2015). Therefore, Tom should try to make his mind in such a way that he could accommodate in the new organizational culture. Although, it is the responsibility of the management of the organization to make the employees aware of job shift before one month of the shift, this organization had not followed the criteria. On the other hand, the organization should also have to take the view of the Tom before sending final job shift mail so that they can give his opinion regarding the job shift. Although, management had praised the Tom, it is not the right way to convince an employee regarding the job shift. Therefore, Tom should raise voice against this job shift. 4.0 Suggestion for HR manager 4.1 Reward The case study shows the possibilities of the Tom to deny the job shift of the employees. In this case, it is difficult to motivate Tom towards shifting in Tasmania branch. Therefore, on order to handle this situation and retain such an effective employee, the HR managers should revise the compensation structure of Tom (Gyekye and Haybatollahi 2015). The HR manager should give a salary hike to Tom so that he become interested in moving to Tasmania branch and accommodate in new environment. 4.2 Training Training is the process in which the organization can enhance the skills, capabilities and knowledge of the employees in adopting new jobs in new job area. In the situation explained in the study, Tom may feel a sense of fear on moving to a new area and doing job there. Therefore, the HR manager of the organization should provide training to Tom so that he becomes fearless in accommodating in new job environment in new areas (Somech and Drach-Zahavy 2013). Through providing training, the human resource manager of the organization would also increase the skills and knowledge of Tom that will help him in enhancing the sales of Tasmania. 4.3 Changed decision-making process It can be found that human resource managers of the appliance organization do not allow the employees in decision-making process and take major decisions regarding the organization by their own without taking any concern of the employees. In this way, the management does not take any concern of Tom regarding his job shift to Tasmania. This behavior of HR may discourage the Tom to move to new area (Batool, Riaz and Riaz 2015). Therefore, HR managers of the organization should allow Tom in decision-making process and take his view regarding the job shift. This will surly motivate the Tom by raising a sense of valued employees and thus, he may convinced to move in new area without raising any voice. 4.4 Accountability It is the responsibility of the human resource manager to communicate the right and important information of the organization to the employees. Through the accountability of the mangers, the employees feel valued in their workplace by being an important part of the organization. In this case study, it has been found that the managers do not maintain accountability and thus made tom unaware regarding his job shift. This is unethical and can discourage Tom towards shifting in new area (Kreiner 2013). Therefore, HR manager should show accountability towards Tom and making him aware of the right intension behind the job shift. 5.0 Conclusion While concluding the study, it can be said that the leaders of the appliance organization mentioned in the case study have enough decisive power and thus, they are well aware of the productivity of all of their branches for taking right decision at right time. The human resource manager has also tried tom motivate Tom by praising his job performance throughout 10 years. However, the managers of the organization do not have accountability that can be known from sending mail to Tom regarding his job shift without making him aware beforehand. In this situation, Tom should raise a voice through denying moving in Tasmania. On the other hand, Tom should also discuss with the management about the reason of denying about the job shift. 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